Concluding Basics - AP English Language

1. Fundamental Concepts

Definition: A conclusion is the final paragraph of an essay that summarizes the main points and restates the thesis in a new way.
Purpose: To leave a lasting impression on the reader and reinforce the argument presented in the essay.
Structure: Typically includes a restatement of the thesis, a summary of key points, and a concluding remark or call to action.

2. Key Concepts

Restating the Thesis: $The\ original\ thesis\ statement\ should\ be\ rephrased\ to\ emphasize\ the\ main\ idea.$

Summarizing Main Points: $Briefly\ summarize\ the\ key\ arguments\ made\ in\ the\ body\ paragraphs.$

Concluding Remark: $End\ with\ a\ memorable\ statement\ or\ a\ call\ to\ action.\ This\ can\ be\ a\ quote,\ a\ question,\ or\ a\ thought-provoking\ statement.$

3. Examples

Example 1 (Basic)

Problem: Write a conclusion for an essay about the importance of reading.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Restate the thesis: Reading is not just a pastime; it is a fundamental skill that enhances cognitive abilities and fosters empathy.
Summarize main points: Throughout this essay, we have discussed how reading improves vocabulary, critical thinking skills, and emotional intelligence.
Concluding remark: In a world where information is abundant but often superficial, the act of reading deeply and critically remains one of the most valuable pursuits one can undertake.

Validation: The conclusion effectively restates the thesis, summarizes the main points, and provides a strong closing remark.

Example 2 (Intermediate)

Problem: Write a conclusion for an essay arguing that technology has both positive and negative impacts on society.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Restate the thesis: Technology has revolutionized our lives in countless ways, but it also poses significant challenges that must be addressed.
Summarize main points: We explored how technology has improved communication, education, and healthcare, while also raising concerns about privacy, job displacement, and social isolation.
Concluding remark: As we continue to integrate technology into every aspect of our lives, it is crucial to strike a balance between leveraging its benefits and mitigating its risks.

Validation: The conclusion effectively restates the thesis, summarizes the main points, and provides a balanced and thoughtful closing remark.

4. Problem-Solving Techniques

Outlining: Create an outline before writing the conclusion to ensure all key points are covered.
Peer Review: Have classmates read your conclusion to provide feedback and suggest improvements.
Revision: After writing the first draft, revise the conclusion to make sure it flows well and effectively summarizes the essay.