The Paragraph - Topic and Concluding Sentence

AP English Language

1. Fundamental Concepts

Definition: A paragraph is a group of sentences that develop a single main idea.
Topic Sentence: The first sentence in a paragraph that introduces the main idea.
Concluding Sentence: The last sentence in a paragraph that summarizes or extends the main idea.

2. Key Concepts

Basic Rule: $The topic sentence should clearly state the main idea of the paragraph.$

Degree Preservation: $The concluding sentence should reinforce or extend the main idea introduced by the topic sentence.$

Application: $Used to structure essays and other written compositions effectively.$

3. Examples

Example 1 (Basic)

Problem: Write a paragraph about the benefits of reading.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Topic Sentence: Reading offers numerous benefits for personal growth and development.
Supporting Sentences: It enhances vocabulary, improves concentration, and reduces stress.
Concluding Sentence: Overall, reading is an invaluable tool that enriches one’s life in many ways.

Validation: The paragraph starts with a clear topic sentence and ends with a concluding sentence that reinforces the main idea.

Example 2 (Intermediate)

Problem: Write a paragraph discussing the impact of technology on communication.

Step-by-Step Solution:

Topic Sentence: Technology has revolutionized the way we communicate, making it faster and more accessible than ever before.
Supporting Sentences: With smartphones and social media platforms, people can stay connected regardless of geographical distances.
Concluding Sentence: In conclusion, while technology has brought significant improvements in communication, it also raises concerns about privacy and the authenticity of interactions.

Validation: The paragraph begins with a strong topic sentence and concludes with a sentence that not only summarizes but also extends the discussion.

4. Problem-Solving Techniques

Visual Strategy: Use outlines to organize thoughts before writing paragraphs.
Error-Proofing: Always review the paragraph to ensure the topic and concluding sentences align with the main idea.
Concept Reinforcement: Practice writing paragraphs on various topics to strengthen understanding and application.